Transjugular closure of a residual septal device defect: a case report.

Background: Severe residual shunts after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects are unusual. These patients are usually considered candidates for surgery. Case summary: We describe the transjugular closure of a residual atrial septal defect with significant left-to-right shunt due to a malpositioned large atrial septal device in a symptomatic 74-year-old female. Transjugular access was chosen first due to the unfavourable position of the device for delivery of a new one from the femoral approach. An overlapping Figulla® Flex II 27/30 mm PFO device was successfully implanted with the guidance of 3D-transoesophageal echocardiography. Discussion: This case demonstrates the safety and feasibility of transjugular access as an alternative to femoral or transhepatic approaches in patients with difficult atrial septal anatomies, who are usually referred for surgery.

Efficacy and safety of abciximab versus tirofiban in addition to ticagrelor in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous intervention.

Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) have been part of the adjuvant treatment of acute coronary syndrome for years. However, real-life data regarding the efficacy and safety of GPIs under the current indications are lacking in the setting of potent platelet inhibition. The objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety of abciximab versus tirofiban in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and pretreated with ticagrelor, and to identify independent predictor factors of efficacy, bleeding and platelet drop. Three hundred sixty-two patients were divided by GPI administered. Clinical, laboratory, angiographic and outcome characteristics were compared. The primary objective was a composite efficacy endpoint (death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke) at 30 days. The secondary objectives were its individual components, safety (bleeding) and the impact on platelet count during hospital stay. The composite efficacy endpoint was similar in the abciximab and tirofiban groups (6.1% vs 7.3%; p = .632). There were also no differences in cardiovascular death (2.5% vs 2.4%; p = .958), nonfatal myocardial infarction (3% vs 4.3%; p = .521) and nonfatal stroke (0.5% vs 1.8%; p = .332). Tirofiban administration was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding (11.6% vs 22%; p = .008) with no differences in BARC ≥ 3b bleeding (3.6 vs 2.5%; p = .760). In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI with ticagrelor, abciximab and tirofiban had similar rates in the composite efficacy endpoint at 30 days. The 30-day bleeding rate was significantly higher in the tirofiban group. Tirofiban administration was an independent predictor of both bleeding and platelet count drop.

High-degree atrioventricular block. An unusual presentation of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy characterized by acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction with transient wall motion abnormalities without a culprit coronary stenosis or other concurrent diagnoses. Its coexistence with transient high-degree AV block is very infrequent. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old man presented with a new onset of high degree AV block without ST segment deviations developing an anterior and apical dyskinesia with a low left ventricular ejection fraction in the absence of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: Atrioventricular block is an uncommon presentation of Takotsubo syndrome. The management of patients with relevant conduction disorders in this scenario is a challenge for the clinician. In case of persistence of advanced conduction disorders, it seems appropriate to implant a pacemaker.

Estratificación basal de riesgo en pacientes mayores de 75 años con infarto y shock cardiogénico referidos para angioplastia primaria / Baseline risk stratification of patients older than 75 years with infarction and cardiogenic shock undergoing primary angioplasty

Introducción y objetivos: Los pacientes mayores de 75 años con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST sometidos a angioplastia primaria en situación de shock cardiogénico sufren una gran mortalidad. La identificación previa al procedimento de variables predictoras de la posterior mortalidad sería muy útil para guiar la toma de decisiones. Métodos: Análisis del registro multicéntrico de angioplastia primaria en pacientes mayores de 75 años (ESTROFA MI+75), que incluye a 3.576 pacientes. Se analizaron las características y la evolución clínica del subgrupo con shock cardiogénico para identificar predictores de supervivencia a 1 año tras la angioplastia y elaborar un índice pronóstico. Se validó el índice en una cohorte independiente. Resultados: Se incluyó a 332 pacientes. Los predictores basales independientes fueron: la localización anterior (HR=2,8; IC95%, 1,4-6,0; p=0,005), una fracción de eyección<40% (HR=2,3; IC95%, 1,14-4,50; p=0,018) y un tiempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y la angioplastia >6 h (HR=3,2; IC95%, 1,6-7,5; p=0,001). Se diseñó un índice basado en estas variables (índice «6-ANT-40»). La supervivencia a 1 año fue del 54,5% de aquellos con índice 0, el 32,3% con índice 1, el 27,4% con índice 2 y el 17% con índice 3 (p=0,004, estadístico C=0,70). En una cohorte independiente de 124 pacientes, las supervivencias a 1 año fueron del 64,5, el 40,0, el 28,9 y el 22,2% respectivamente (p=0,008; estadístico C=0,68). Conclusiones: Un índice basado en simples variables clínicas previas al procedimiento (localización anterior, fracción de eyección<40%, demora >6 h) permite estimar la supervivencia tras una angioplastia primaria de los pacientes mayores con shock cardiogénico, y así ayudar en la toma de decisiones

Background and objectives: Patients older than 75 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty in cardiogenic shock have high mortality. Identification of preprocedural predictors of short- and long-term mortality could be useful to guide decision-making and further interventions. Methods: We analyzed a nationwide registry of primary angioplasty in the elderly (ESTROFA MI+75) comprising 3576 patients. The characteristics and outcomes of the subgroup of patients in cardiogenic shock were analyzed to identify associated factors and prognostic predictors in order to derive a baseline risk prediction score for 1-year mortality. The score was validated in an independent cohort. Results: A total of 332 patients were included. Baseline independent predictors of mortality were anterior myocardial infarction (HR 2.8, 95%CI, 1.4-6.0; P=.005), ejection fraction<40% (HR 2.3, 95%CI, 1.14-4.50; P=.018), and time from symptom onset to angioplasty >6hours (HR 3.2, 95%CI, 1.6-7.5; P=.001). A score was designed that included these predictive factors (score "6-ANT-40"). Survival at 1 year was 54.5% for patients with score 0, 32.3% for score 1, 27.4% for score 2 and 17% for score 3 (P=.004, c-statistic 0.70). The score was validated in an independent cohort of 124 patients, showing 1-year survival rates of 64.5%, 40.0%, 28.9%, and 22.2%, respectively (P=.008, c-statistic 0.68). Conclusions: A preprocedural score based on 3 simple clinical variables (anterior location, ejection fraction<40%, and delay time >6 hours) may be used to estimate survival after primary angioplasty in elderly patients with cardiogenic shock and to guide preinterventional decision-making

Baseline Risk Stratification of Patients Older Than 75 Years With Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing Primary Angioplasty.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients older than 75 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty in cardiogenic shock have high mortality. Identification of preprocedural predictors of short- and long-term mortality could be useful to guide decision-making and further interventions. METHODS: We analyzed a nationwide registry of primary angioplasty in the elderly (ESTROFA MI+75) comprising 3576 patients. The characteristics and outcomes of the subgroup of patients in cardiogenic shock were analyzed to identify associated factors and prognostic predictors in order to derive a baseline risk prediction score for 1-year mortality. The score was validated in an independent cohort. RESULTS: A total of 332 patients were included. Baseline independent predictors of mortality were anterior myocardial infarction (HR 2.8, 95%CI, 1.4-6.0 P=.005), ejection fraction<40% (HR 2.3, 95%CI, 1.14-4.50 P=.018), and time from symptom onset to angioplasty >6hours (HR 3.2, 95%CI, 1.6-7.5; P=.001). A score was designed that included these predictive factors (score "6-ANT-40"). Survival at 1 year was 54.5% for patients with score 0, 32.3% for score 1, 27.4% for score 2 and 17% for score 3 (P=.004, c-statistic 0.70). The score was validated in an independent cohort of 124 patients, showing 1-year survival rates of 64.5%, 40.0%, 28.9%, and 22.2%, respectively (P=.008, c-statistic 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: A preprocedural score based on 3 simple clinical variables (anterior location, ejection fraction<40%, and delay time >6 hours) may be used to estimate survival after primary angioplasty in elderly patients with cardiogenic shock and to guide preinterventional decision-making.

Angioplastia primaria en mayores de 75 años. Perfil de pacientes y procedimientos, resultados y predictores pronósticos en el registro ESTROFA IM + 75 / Primary angioplasty in patients older than 75 years. profile of patients and procedures, outcomes, and predictors of prognosis in the ESTROFA IM + 75 registry

Introducción y objetivos: La proporción de pacientes de edad avanzada que se someten a angioplastia primaria está creciendo. Este estudio describe el perfil clínico, las características de los procedimientos, la evolución y los predictores pronósticos. Métodos: Registro en 31 centros de pacientes consecutivos mayores de 75 años tratados con angioplastia primaria. Se recogieron variables clínicas y del procedimiento y se efectuó seguimiento clínico. Resultados: Se incluyó a 3.576 pacientes (el 39,3% mujeres, el 48,5% con insuficiencia renal, el 11,5% en Killip III o IV y el 29,8% con más de 6 h de dolor). El 55,4% presentaba enfermedad multivaso y al 24,8% se les trató además lesiones no culpables. Se utilizó vía radial en el 56,4%, bivalirudina en el 11,8%, aspiración de trombo en el 55,9% y stents farmacoactivos en el 26,6%. La incidencia de muerte cardiaca al mes era del 10,1% y a los 2 años, del 14,7%. A los 2 años la trombosis definitiva o probable era del 3,1%; la revascularización de lesión tratada, del 2,3% y las hemorragias BARC > 2, del 4,2%. Los predictores pronósticos fueron: diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal, fibrilación auricular, retraso > 6 h, fracción de eyección < 45%, clase Killip III-IV, vía radial, bivalirudina, stents farmacoactivos, flujo final TIMI III y revascularización incompleta al alta. Conclusiones: En este registro destaca el frecuente retraso en la presentación y la alta prevalencia de factores adversos como la insuficiencia renal o la enfermedad multivaso. Se identificaron como factores protectores relacionados con el procedimiento el menor retraso, el uso de vía radial, la bivalirudina, los stents farmacoactivos y la revascularización completa antes del alta (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The proportion of elderly patients undergoing primary angioplasty is growing. The present study describes the clinical profile, procedural characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of outcome. Methods: A 31-center registry of consecutive patients older than 75 years treated with primary angioplasty. Clinical and procedural data were collected, and the patients underwent clinical follow-up. Results: The study included 3576 patients (39.3% women, 48.5% with renal failure, 11.5% in Killip III or IV, and 29.8% with > 6 hours of chest pain). Multivessel disease was present in 55.4% and nonculprit lesions were additionally treated in 24.8%. Radial access was used in 56.4%, bivalirudin in 11.8%, thromboaspiration in 55.9%, and drug-eluting stents in 26.6%. The 1-month and 2-year incidences of cardiovascular death were 10.1% and 14.7%, respectively. The 2-year rates of definite or probable thrombosis, repeat revascularization, and BARC bleeding > 2 were 3.1%, 2.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. Predictive factors were diabetes mellitus, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, delay to reperfusion > 6 hours, ejection fraction < 45%, Killip class III-IV, radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, final TIMI flow of III, and incomplete revascularization at discharge. Conclusions: Notable registry findings include frequently delayed presentation and a high prevalence of adverse factors such as renal failure and multivessel disease. Positive procedure-related predictors include shorter delay, use of radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, and complete revascularization before discharge (AU)

Primary Angioplasty in Patients Older Than 75 Years. Profile of Patients and Procedures, Outcomes, and Predictors of Prognosis in the ESTROFA IM+75 Registry.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The proportion of elderly patients undergoing primary angioplasty is growing. The present study describes the clinical profile, procedural characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of outcome. METHODS: A 31-center registry of consecutive patients older than 75 years treated with primary angioplasty. Clinical and procedural data were collected, and the patients underwent clinical follow-up. RESULTS: The study included 3576 patients (39.3% women, 48.5% with renal failure, 11.5% in Killip III or IV, and 29.8% with>6hours of chest pain). Multivessel disease was present in 55.4% and nonculprit lesions were additionally treated in 24.8%. Radial access was used in 56.4%, bivalirudin in 11.8%, thromboaspiration in 55.9%, and drug-eluting stents in 26.6%. The 1-month and 2-year incidences of cardiovascular death were 10.1% and 14.7%, respectively. The 2-year rates of definite or probable thrombosis, repeat revascularization, and BARC bleeding>2 were 3.1%, 2.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. Predictive factors were diabetes mellitus, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, delay to reperfusion>6hours, ejection fraction<45%, Killip class III-IV, radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, final TIMI flow of III, and incomplete revascularization at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Notable registry findings include frequently delayed presentation and a high prevalence of adverse factors such as renal failure and multivessel disease. Positive procedure-related predictors include shorter delay, use of radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, and complete revascularization before discharge.

Comparación de stents de paclitaxel y stents de everolimus en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST e influencia de la trombectomía en los resultados. Estudio ESTROFA-IM / Comparison of paclitaxel and everolimus-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and influence of thrombectomy on outcomes. ESTROFA-IM study

Introducción y objetivos. Este estudio compara los resultados clínicos a largo plazo de pacientes tratados con stents liberadores de paclitaxel o de everolimus en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST, así como la influencia de la trombectomía. Métodos. El ESTROFA-IM es un registro, en 16 centros, retrospectivo de pacientes consecutivos con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST tratados con stents de paclitaxel o everolimus. Se realizó análisis de emparejamiento por propensión de tratamiento para seleccionar grupos comparables tanto para el modelo de stent como para uso de trombectomía. Resultados. Después del emparejamiento, se incluyó en el análisis a 350 pacientes tratados con stents de paclitaxel y 350 con stents de everolimus. Las características clínicas y angiográficas eran comparables. La incidencia a 2 años de muerte, infarto y revascularización de la lesión tratada fue del 14,9% del grupo de paclitaxel y el 11,5% del de everolimus (p = 0,04) y la incidencia de trombosis definitiva/probable, del 4,3 y el 1,4% (p = 0,01). El stent de paclitaxel fue un predictor independiente de eventos ((hazard ratio = 2,44, intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,28-4,65; p = 0,006). El beneficio de los stents de everolimus respecto a la trombosis de stent fue más evidente en el grupo sin trombectomía (el 5,4 frente al 1,4%; p = 0,01).). Se detectó una interacción significativa en los subgrupos según trombectomía para el objetivo de trombosis de stent (p = 0,039). Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican mejor evolución clínica con los stents de everolimus en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST. El menor riesgo de trombosis con estos stents podría ser más relevante en ausencia de trombectomía (AU)

Introduction and objectives. We sought to compare the long-term clinical outcome of with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents or everolimus-eluting stents and the influence of thrombectomy on outcomes. Methods. The ESTROFA-IM is a multicenter retrospective registry collecting consecutive patients with infarction treated with these stents in 16 centers. Propensity-score matching was performed to select comparable stent groups and comparable groups with and without thrombectomy. Results. After matching patients, 350 treated with everolimus-eluting stents and 350 with paclitaxel-eluting stents were included in the analysis. The clinical and angiographic characteristics were comparable in both groups. The 2-year incidence of death, infarction, and target lesion revascularization was 14.9% for paclitaxel-eluting stents and 11.5% for everolimus-eluting stents (P = .04) and the incidence of definite/probable thrombosis 4.3% and 1.4%, respectively (P = .01). The use of paclitaxel-eluting was an independent predictor for events (hazard ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.65; P = .006). The benefit of everolimus-eluting stents over paclitaxel-eluting stents regarding stent thrombosis was more evident in the nonthrombectomy subgroup (5.4% vs 1.4%; P = .01). A significant interaction was found in the subgroups with and without thombectomy in the comparison between paclitaxel-eluting stents and everolimus-eluting stents for the end-point of stent thrombosis (P = .039). Conclusions. The results of this multicenter registry suggest better clinical outcomes with the everolimus-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The lower risk of thrombosis with these stents could be more relevant in the absence of thrombectomy (AU)

Comparison of paclitaxel and everolimus-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and influence of thrombectomy on outcomes. ESTROFA-IM study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare the long-term clinical outcome of with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents or everolimus-eluting stents and the influence of thrombectomy on outcomes. METHODS: The ESTROFA-IM is a multicenter retrospective registry collecting consecutive patients with infarction treated with these stents in 16 centers. Propensity-score matching was performed to select comparable stent groups and comparable groups with and without thrombectomy. RESULTS: After matching patients, 350 treated with everolimus-eluting stents and 350 with paclitaxel-eluting stents were included in the analysis. The clinical and angiographic characteristics were comparable in both groups. The 2-year incidence of death, infarction, and target lesion revascularization was 14.9% for paclitaxel-eluting stents and 11.5% for everolimus-eluting stents (P = .04) and the incidence of definite/probable thrombosis 4.3% and 1.4%, respectively (P = .01). The use of paclitaxel-eluting was an independent predictor for events (hazard ratio = 2.44, 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.65; P = .006). The benefit of everolimus-eluting stents over paclitaxel-eluting stents regarding stent thrombosis was more evident in the nonthrombectomy subgroup (5.4% vs 1.4%; P = .01). A significant interaction was found in the subgroups with and without thombectomy in the comparison between paclitaxel-eluting stents and everolimus-eluting stents for the end-point of stent thrombosis (P = .039). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this multicenter registry suggest better clinical outcomes with the everolimus-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The lower risk of thrombosis with these stents could be more relevant in the absence of thrombectomy.

Fibrilación auricular isquémica / Ischemic atrial fibrillation

La fibrilación auricular es la arritmia más frecuente en el período peri-infarto agudo de miocardio, aunque su presencia asociada tan solo a la fase de isquemia aguda y su inmediato cese tras una revascularización precoz y efectiva es testimonial en la literatura, con la consiguiente falta de evidencia para su posterior tratamiento. Se presenta un caso clínico en el que el intervencionismo coronario precoz consiguió la cardioversión a ritmo sinusal de una fibrilación auricular en el curso de un infarto agudo de miocardio, posteriormente se discute la estrategia a seguir en torno a la arritmia en un paciente con buena evolución clínica tras el suceso(AU)

Comparison of paclitaxel-eluting stents (Taxus) and everolimus-eluting stents (Xience) in left main coronary artery disease with 3 years follow-up (from the ESTROFA-LM registry).

Evidence regarding therapy with drug-eluting stents in the left main coronary artery (LM) is based mostly on trials performed with first-generation drug-eluting stents. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes after treatment for unprotected LM disease with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) and everolimus-eluting stents (EES). The ESTROFA-LM is a multicenter retrospective registry including consecutive patients with unprotected LM disease treated with PES or EES. A total of 770 patients have been included at 21 centers, 415 with treated PES and 355 with EES. Treatment with 2 stents was more frequent with PES (17% vs 10.4%, p = 0.007), whereas intravascular ultrasound was more frequently used with EES (35.2% vs 26%, p = 0.006). The 3-year death and infarction survival rates were 86.1% for PES and 87.3% for EES (p = 0.50) and for death, infarction, and target lesion revascularization were 83.6% versus 82% (p = 0.60), respectively. Definite or probable thrombosis was 1.6% for PES and 1.4% for EES (p = 0.80). The use of 2 stents, age, diabetes, and acute coronary syndromes were independent predictors of mortality. In the subgroup of distal lesions, the use of intravascular ultrasound was an independent predictor of better outcome. Comparison of propensity score-matched groups did not yield differences between the 2 stents. In conclusion, the results of this multicenter registry show comparable safety and efficacy at 3 years for PES and EES in the treatment of LM disease. The use of bifurcation stenting techniques in distal lesions was a relevant independent predictor for events. The use of intravascular ultrasound appears to have a positive impact on patients treated for LM distal disease.

Profilaxis de la nefropatíá inducida por contraste en pacientes de alto riesgo con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST / Prophylaxis of contrast-induced nephropathy in high risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Introducción y objetivos: La eficacia de la administración conjunta de suero salino isotónico y N-acetilcisteína presenta resultados dispares en la prevención de la nefropatía por contraste yodado. Nuestro objetivo fue valorar la posible eficacia de esta estrategia combinada en pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar nefropatía inducida por contraste, ingresados y sometidos a intervencionismo coronario percutáneo por síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST en nuestro centro. Método: Se aplicó esta estrategia en los pacientes referidos, con al menos un factor de alto riesgo para desarrollar la nefropatía inducida por contraste: mayores de 80 años, diabetes mellitus, creatinina basal mayor de 1,5 mg/dl o alto volumen de contraste (mayor de 400 ml). El protocolo se aplicó durante 12 meses (pacientes que recibieron el protocolo de prevención) y se comparó con similares pacientes en los 12 meses previos que no recibieron profilaxis. Resultados: Un total de 30 pacientes (24 por ciento) desarrollaron nefropatía inducida por contraste. El porcentaje fue significativamente mayor en el grupo que no recibió profilaxis: 35,9 por ciento vs. 11,5 por ciento (p = 0.003). Conclusiones: La combinación de N-acetilcisteína por vía oral e hidratación parenteral en pacientes de alto riesgo, con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación de ST, podría ser beneficiosa para evitar la aparición de la nefropatía inducida por contraste(AU)

Seudohemorragia subaracnoidea tras intervencionismo percutáneo coronario / Pseudo-subarachn oid hemorrhage after interventional percutaneous coronary

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